For a hypothetical, 150-micron (6-mil), 50Ω FR-4 stripline, Figure 1 illustrates the relative influence of skin-effect and dielectric losses on the characteristic impedance of a lossy transmission ...

The basic concepts underpinning time-domain reflectometry. Difference between frequency- and time-domain analysis. Some applications of TDR measurements. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a technique ...

The most different aspect between a normal lamination structure and High-Density Fan-out (HDFO) is the routing scale. That aspect is also the challenge and focus of this study. At an HDFO scale, most ...

Signals operating in the radio frequency (RF) realm between 3 kHz to 300 GHz are an inherent part of processing by circuit components within and outside an IC. Linear characteristics of RF circuits ...

When considering any new part in the signal chain, input/output impedance is usually an important spec to “bolt” the necessary signal-chain blocks together properly. For a high-speed converter, this ...

I love technical puzzles and challenges. In working on my next signal-integrity textbook, I came across this commonly occurring situation that had me stumped for a few minutes. Maybe it will entertain ...