We generally think of signals propagating through our circuits in one of three modes: single-ended, differential mode or common mode. Single-ended mode is the mode with which we are most familiar. It ...

The best-performing, highest-quality, and likely also most expensive differential link you will ever encounter appears on the front panel of an Agilent differential-network analyzer. This ...

As its name implies, simple power analysis is based on the direct observations of power or electromagnetic (EM) measurements, with secret information extracted from these (direct) measurements. Secret ...

Since the dawn of PCB usage, constraints have been an important part of the design. What are the dimensions? What weight of copper? Now, constraints have become much more than just physical dimensions ...

Physical electronic systems routinely leak information about the internal process of computing. In practical terms, this means attackers can exploit various side-channel techniques to gather data and ...

PCIe, also known as PCI-Express, is a highly powerful interface. So let’s see what it takes to hack on something that powerful. PCIe is be a bit intimidating at first, however it is reasonably simple ...

We’ve started designing a PCIe card last week, an adapter from M.2 E-key to E-key, that adds an extra link to the E-key slot it carries – useful for fully utilizing a few rare but fancy E-key cards.

Physical electronic systems routinely leak information about the internal process of computing. In practical terms, this means attackers can exploit various side-channel techniques to gather data and ...