A common PC sound card can be used as a sine/square/triangle function generator, but the output suffers from limited rail-to-rail swing, plus its zero-centered has no dc offset. This circuit overcomes ...

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) generators are integrated in nearly every switching power device. This article shows two methods for implementing a stand-alone analog PWM waveform generator. These ...

Pulse-width modulation is a simple way to modulate, or change, a square wave. In its basic form, the duty cycle of the square wave changes according to some input. The duty cycle is the ratio of high ...

In LCD backlight applications, a dc-to-ac inverter drives cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. The inverter's input comes from the display's power supply. Currently, it spans from 12 to 18 V. Pulse-width ...