You can best test and diagnose a residential hydronic heating system using pressure ports and balancing valves. However, few residential systems have either of these accessories. A commonly ...

Higher flow velocities lead to better water quality by increasing residual disinfectants and reducing microbial activity and nitrification Smaller diameter pipes (3/8") benefit most from high flow ...

If you're buying an old house, beware of old galvanized steel water pipes. These pipes build up with sediment on the inside, making the inside diameter of the pipe smaller and smaller over time, ...

The Premise Plumbing Flow Rates, Linear Velocity, and Nitrification study, sponsored by the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association, is a crucial first step toward the ultimate goal: obtaining clear, ...