Quark and gluon sea: in this illustration of the proton the large spheres represent the three valence quarks, the small spheres other quarks and the springs the gluons holding them together. (Courtesy ...

"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through the links below." New research shows that protons contain intrinsic charm quarks. This is despite the fact that ...

Can the neutrino eyes of humanity, observatories such as the IceCube in Antarctica, really see neutrinos coming from deep space? The answer is beginning to come from experiments at the Large Hadron ...

A view inside a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin pointing horizontally shows differences in the spatial distributions of the momentum of up (left) and down ...

Objects are made of atoms, and atoms are likewise the sum of their parts—electrons, protons, and neutrons. Dive into one of those protons or neutrons, however, and things get weird. Three particles ...